When One Religion Isn’t Enough: The Lives of Spiritually Fluid People

In this underdeveloped book, Bidwell (Empowering Couples), professor of practical theology, spiritual care, and counseling at Claremont School of Theology in California, makes a strong argument in favor of embracing more than one religious faith, but insufficiently examines the downsides of religious pluralism. Bidwell uses the term spiritual fluidity to describe people who, in major or minor ways, lean into several faiths. This can include choosing, being born into, or practicing aspects of more than one religion, and ranges from adopting a few alternative faith practices to fully joining two religions or hybridizing different faiths into a new whole. Bidwell states that religious fluidity in the U.S. is more common than ever, but only supports his argument with personal stories (such as the professed faith of basketball player Joakim Noah) rather than with data. Though Bidwell gives examples of human “flourishing” from religious fluidity, he also assigns victim status to religious multiplicity followers, calling the risk of “coming out” as dual faith “enormous.” Bidwell’s examples of religiously fluid people are all very high profile (Noah, Barack Obama) or extremely specialized (Buddhist Christian Paul Knitter), which may leave readers who are neither a bit at a loss. Although his discussions of theology are interesting, his insistence on the threat to multi-religion Westerners comes off as trivial compared to the real persecution of truly marginalized religious groups. Nevertheless, this book will be a good conversation starter for interfaith religion classes. (Nov.)