cover image America in the World: A History of U.S. Diplomacy and Foreign Policy

America in the World: A History of U.S. Diplomacy and Foreign Policy

Robert B. Zoellick. Twelve, $35 (560p) ISBN 978-1-5387-6130-4

Former World Bank president Zoellick, who served in the State Department during both Bush administrations, debuts with a richly detailed and centrist-minded history of American diplomacy, from Benjamin Franklin’s signing of the first two U.S. treaties in 1778 to President Trump’s trade war with China. Contending that “U.S. diplomacy has sought out what works, even if practitioners stumbled while discovering what they could accomplish,” Zoellick identifies five traditions that have guided America’s foreign policy, including a focus on exerting control over North America; a prioritization of “trade, technology, and finance” in international relations; and a belief in American exceptionalism. In the book’s strongest sections, Zoellick spotlights these traditions in more obscure episodes from U.S. diplomatic history, including Michigan senator Arthur Vandenberg’s essential role in post-WWII alliance building, and Theodore Roosevelt’s mediation of the Russo-Japanese War and a 1905 clash between France and Germany over Morocco. Readers hoping for substantial insights into more recent events will be disappointed; in a brief afterword, Zoellick sketches the foreign policies of the Clinton, (George W.) Bush, Obama, and Trump presidencies, and leaves Russia’s 2016 electoral interference unmentioned. Still, this is a cogent, fine-grained assessment of the value of pragmatism in foreign affairs. Agent: Andrew Wylie, the Wylie Agency. (Aug.)