Boss Lincoln: The Partisan Life of Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was a gifted party organizer and shrewd political operator, according to this eye-opening biography. Historian Pinsker (Knowing Him by Heart) tracks how Lincoln forged a winning Republican coalition in 1850s Illinois by steering between antislavery radicals (i.e., abolitionists) and moderates (who wanted slavery restricted), only to swerve decisively to a radical position in 1858 to undercut his proslavery Democratic rival, Stephen A. Douglas. As president, Lincoln walked a similar tightrope between pro- and anti-emancipation Republican camps, once again swerving hard to the radical position in order to win reelection in 1864. Pinsker’s prosaic Lincoln is a fascinating departure from typical depictions; Lincoln the party boss “rarely indulged in the warm, folksy language of his popular legend,” but was rather a man forever twisting arms, counting votes, considering (but not committing) voter interference, “barking out orders, providing advice, [and] pressing others to stay on task.” Examples of Lincoln’s sharp-elbowed tactics include calling a meeting with Frederick Douglass, who had begun to support radicals’ calls for Lincoln’s ouster, to casually raise the possibility of revoking the Emancipation Proclamation; Lincoln also allowed pro-Southern Ohio congressman Clement Vallandigham to return from exile so the Democrat’s strident antiwar rhetoric would alienate voters during the 1864 election. The result is a penetrating study of low politics in the pursuit of higher purpose. (Feb.)